To insert exogenous DNA into plant cells, there is not only Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (indirect method), as we show you in the last post, but also chemical-physical methods (direct methods):
✅Microinjection
✅Electroporation
✅Permeabilisation of protoplasts
✅ Gene gun
✅Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Text by Martina Curci, PhD students EpiSeedLink Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
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